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History of Deep Space Station 51 at Hartbeesthoek


DSIF 51 - The Beginning

What is now the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory was originally built in 1961 by NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the USA, as a tracking station for its probes that were being sent to explore space beyond Earth orbit. It was also known as the Deep Space Instrumentation Facility (DSIF).

The facility was actually operated by the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) on behalf of NASA, until its closure in 1974. It became a radio astronomy observatory, operating under first the CSIR, then the Foundation for Research Development (FRD), which became the National Research Foundation (NRF) in 1999.

Construction - photography
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The antenna was constructed in 1960-1. A photographer named Roelie van Wyk was employed to record progress, and he was caught in action above. In August 2008 Roelie visited the station and presented us with the photo shown, taken 48 years previously.

Opening 1961
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The official opening of the station in 1961 is shown above. The antenna was originally built with an aluminium mesh surface, and operated at a frequency of 960 MHz, i.e. a wavelength of about 30 cm. The lightweight mesh surface was quite transparent optically.

DSN net 1961
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The original stations in the Deep Space Network are shown above - the three original 85' antennas were DSIF 11 at Goldstone, California, United States (retired 1981 to become a museum exhibit), DSIF 41 at Island Lagoon, Woomera, Australia (decomissioned and demolished in 1972) and DSIF 51 at Hartebeesthoek, near Johannesburg, South Africa (decommissioned and transformed into a radio telescope operated by the South African CSIR in 1974).

More about DSS 51

Construction - More pictures of the construction of the antenna are shown here.

Upgrades - The antenna went through a variety of upgrades during its working life as a NASA tracking station.

Spacecraft Missions - DSS 51 was involved in many spacecraft missions from 1961 to 1974.

Control Room - See inside the control room at DSS 51.

Sister Antennas - More information about the many sister antennas is found here.

DSS 51 - The End

Staff 1974
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The engineering and technical staff just before the closing of DSS 51 in June 1974. George Nicolson, the future Director of DSS 51 transformed into its next incarnation as the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory, appears in a black blazer immediately below the north ladder of the telescope.

Beryl and Roy Coetzee have provided this list of names of the staff in the photograph:

Back row, left to right -
John Dinham, Obie Oberholzer, G.I. Fourie, Keith Jones, Mr Miller, Willem de Lange, Kobie van Zyl, Les Field, Joe Pheiffer, Mike Ainley, Gunther Krantz, George Nicolson, Bill Grieves, Harry Bryant, Peet Carstens, Jeff Glennister, Andre de Wet, Louis Alberts, Tommy Llewellyn, Hennie Roesch, Garth Alexander, Howard Jarman, Jannie Duvenage, Peter Jardine.

Front row, left to right :
Jimmy Archbold, Gibby Gray, Hennie Pieterse, Hennie Naude, ? (store's assistant), Tony Eyre, Gina Jacobs, Colin Kroesen, Martin van Rijswijk, Paul Jordaan, (student), Nick van Rensburg, Pete Longmore, and three unidentified students kneeling in front.

Information on the Deep Space Network

For more information, see: